Top 10 Most Common Eye Diseases and How to Spot Them Early

Our eyes are one of our most valuable assets, yet they’re often taken for granted - until a problem arises. Many common eye diseases develop gradually and may not show symptoms right away. Understanding the warning signs and scheduling regular comprehensive eye exams are key to maintaining lifelong vision.

1. Cataracts

Cataracts occur when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, causing blurry or dim vision. Common symptoms include glare, halos around lights, and difficulty seeing at night. Cataracts are common with age, but they can also result from diabetes or prolonged UV exposure.

2. Glaucoma

Known as the “silent thief of sight,” glaucoma causes damage to the optic nerve - often without noticeable symptoms at first. Over time, it can lead to irreversible vision loss. Routine eye exams with pressure checks are essential for early detection and management.

3. Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

AMD affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision. Symptoms may include blurry or distorted vision and difficulty recognizing faces. Early detection through retinal imaging can help preserve vision and slow progression.

4. Diabetic Retinopathy

This disease damages the blood vessels in the retina due to high blood sugar levels. Early stages may not show symptoms, but as it progresses, patients may experience floaters, blurred vision, or dark areas in their sight. Regular exams are crucial for anyone with diabetes.

5. Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry eyes occur when the eyes don’t produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly. Common symptoms include burning, redness, and a gritty feeling. Treatment varies based on the cause and can range from artificial tears to in-office therapies.

6. Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye. It often causes redness, itching, and discharge. While some cases are mild, others may require prescription treatment.

7. Keratoconus

This condition causes the cornea to thin and bulge into a cone shape, leading to distorted vision. Early signs include frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions and increased sensitivity to light. Specialized contact lenses or corneal treatments can help manage the condition.

8. Retinal Detachment

A retinal detachment is a medical emergency. Symptoms include sudden flashes of light, floaters, or a shadow over part of your vision. Immediate treatment is necessary to prevent permanent vision loss.

9. Amblyopia (Lazy Eye)

Amblyopia usually develops in childhood when one eye doesn’t develop proper visual strength. Early detection through pediatric eye exams is key - when caught early, treatment options like patching or vision therapy can be very effective.

10. Uveitis

Uveitis is inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, often linked to autoimmune diseases or infections. Symptoms include redness, pain, and blurred vision. Prompt evaluation is needed to prevent complications like glaucoma or cataracts.

Early Detection Is Key

Many of these eye diseases begin with little or no symptoms - but can lead to vision loss if left untreated. A comprehensive eye exam allows your optometrist to check for early warning signs, even before symptoms develop. Catching problems early gives you the best chance to protect your sight.

Schedule Your Eye Exam Today

Your vision deserves care and attention just like the rest of your health. By learning to recognize potential warning signs and scheduling routine eye exams, you’re taking an active role in preserving your sight for years to come.

Schedule your next eye exam with Modoc Family Optometry and take a proactive step toward preventing eye disease and protecting your vision. Visit our office in Alturas, California, or call (530) 233-2020 to book an appointment today.